The Vredefort impact structure, which formed over 2 billion years ago in South Africa, is the largest preserved remnant impact crater on Earth (originally 250–280 km in diameter). It is widely accepted that the crater formed by an impactor 15 km in diameter with velocity 15 km/s, which is based on a numerical simulation that produced a crater
The transition time at ~3.5 Gyr ago supports the early instability of giant planets, in which dominant Earth–Moon impactors changed from leftover planetesimals to asteroids5. The value of −3. These impact craters have been produced on the Earth and Moon over their 4.5 to 4.6 billion year history. Studies of the impact cratering histories of the Earth-Moon system and observations of asteroids and comets in our solar system indicate that impact events continue to occur on both the Earth and Moon and that they occurred more frequently earlier in Earth's history.The size of the excavated crater depends primarily on the speed of impact, but generally it is 10 to 15 times the diameter of the projectile. Figure 6.8.2 6.8. 2 Stages in the Formation of an Impact Crater. (a) The impact occurs. (b) The projectile vaporizes and a shock wave spreads through the lunar rock.
The Sudbury Basin ( / ˈsʌdbəri / ), also known as Sudbury Structure or the Sudbury Nickel Irruptive, is a major geological structure in Ontario, Canada. It is the third-largest known impact crater or astrobleme on Earth, as well as one of the oldest. [1] The crater was formed 1.849 billion years ago in the Paleoproterozoic era.
The Chicxulub Crater, named after the village that lies near its center, spans over 93 miles wide and 12 miles deep, with about half of it resting below the Gulf of Mexico. Some 65 million years
Map of the Twin Cities impact site. Inset: Closeup of site on the Mississippi River.. Meaty meteor. The Minnesota meteor must have been massive. “The diameter of the meteor that hit can only be calculated based on assumptions of what we know about other craters on Earth that have been studied,” Steenberg says.
This map shows the distribution of circular structures of uncertain, possible or probable impact origin on the Australian continent and offshore. Green dots represent confirmed impact craters. Red dots represent confirmed impact structures that are more than 100km wide, whereas red dots inside white circles are more than 50km wide.
Aitken (crater) The South Pole–Aitken basin (SPA Basin, / ˈeɪtkɪn /) is an immense impact crater on the far side of the Moon. At roughly 2,500 km (1,600 mi) in diameter and between 6.2 and 8.2 km (3.9–5.1 mi) deep, it is one of the largest known impact craters in the Solar System. It is the largest, oldest, and deepest basin recognized
The Vredefort impact crater, about 100 kilometers (60 miles) from Johannesburg, South Africa, was formed just a little over 2 billion years ago. It is the oldest and largest impact crater recognized on Earth's surface. The crater has been extensively eroded, but is believed to originally have been as much as 300 kilometers (185 miles) across.
impact craters on earth map
